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Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz TM-12

Soviet Space Program | Russia
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan
May 18, 1991, 12:50 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Soyuz TM-12 was the 12th mission and the ninth long-duration expedition to Mir space station. The mission began on May 18, 1991, 12:50:28 UTC, launching Commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalyov and Research Cosmonaut Helen Sharman, the first British cosmonaut, into orbit. They docked with Mir two days later. During their stay there, cosmonauts performed EVAs, various station repair and maintenance tasks, and carried out scientific experiments in biology, geophysics, space technology, astronomy etc. They were visited by several Progress resupply spacecrafts and welcomed aboard the Soyuz TM-13 crew. Helen Sharman returned on May 26, 1991, in Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft. While Sergei Krikalyov stayed on the station as a part of the next long-duration expedition, Anatoly Artsebarsky landed safely back on Earth on October 10, 1991, 04:12:18 UTC.

Low Earth Orbit
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Tsiklon-3 | Strela-3 61 to 66

Yuzhnoye Design Bureau | Ukraine
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
May 16, 1991, 9:40 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Second generation store-dump military communications satellite

Low Earth Orbit
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Atlas E | NOAA 12

Convair | United States of America
Vandenberg SFB, CA, USA
May 14, 1991, 3:52 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Fourth generation NOAA meteorological satellite

Geostationary Orbit
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Space Shuttle Discovery / OV-103 | STS-39

National Aeronautics and Space Administration | United States of America
Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
April 28, 1991, 11:33 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

STS-39 was the twelfth mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery and its primary purpose was to conduct a variety of payload experiments for the Department of Defence.

Low Earth Orbit
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Tsiklon-3 | Meteor-3 4

Yuzhnoye Design Bureau | Ukraine
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
April 24, 1991, 1:37 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Third generation meteorological satellite

Sun-Synchronous Orbit
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Atlas I | BS-3H

General Dynamics | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
April 18, 1991, 11:30 p.m.
Status: Launch Failure
Mission:

Two Ku-band DTH satellites were originally ordered by STC in 1982, but when their plans failed, were sold to Japan as gapfillers in the BS broadcasting satellite program under the designation BS 2x (1989) and BS 3h (1990).

Geostationary Orbit
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Kosmos-3M | Parus 72

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
April 16, 1991, 7:21 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system

Low Earth Orbit
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Delta II | ASC 2

United Launch Alliance | United States of America
Cape Canaveral SFS, FL, USA
April 13, 1991, 12:09 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The ASC series consisted of three satellites built by GE Astro-Space for Contel ASC and carried 18 C-band and 6 Ku-band transponders for TV news and interactive data transmissions to private networks and small terminals.

Geostationary Orbit
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Space Shuttle Atlantis / OV-104 | STS-37

National Aeronautics and Space Administration | United States of America
Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
April 5, 1991, 2:22 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

STS-37 was the eighth flight of the Space Shuttle Atlantis with the primary obective of launching the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The mission featured two spacewalks, the first since 1985.

Low Earth Orbit
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Ariane 44P | Anik E2

Aérospatiale | France
Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana
April 4, 1991, 11:33 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

The Anik E's provide North America-wide communications in both the C-band (6/4 GHz) and higher power Ku-band (14/12 GHz), and each satellite carries the equivalent of 56 analog television channels.

Geostationary Orbit
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