The Service Module SM (Zvesda, DOS 8 (Dolgovremennaya Orbitalnaya Stanziya 8), 17KSM) was the first fully Russian contribution to the International Space Station and serves as the early cornerstone for the first human habitation of the station.
Low Earth OrbitExpress-A satellites are designed for operation in the fixed satellite service. Their transponder payloads make it possible to retransmit all types of traffic, including television and radio programming, telephony, data, videoconferencing as well as high-speed Internet.
Geostationary OrbitThe W satellites are designed to provide telecommunications services primarily over Europe (W1, W2, W3, W3A and W5) and communication services over Russia and Africa (W4). Eutelsat W4 is designed to provide 31 transponders at saturation. The W satellites have a minimum operational lifetime of 12 years. The spacecraft is based on the Spacebus-3000B2 platform.
Geostationary Orbit