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Ariane 44LP | Astra 1B & Meteosat 5

Aérospatiale | France
Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana
March 2, 1991, 11:36 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Astra 1B was the second of the Astra communications satellites launched and operated by SES (Société Européenne des Satellites). It was believed to have been launched in a faulty condition, and suffered a thruster failure early in its life, causing minor drift, meaning that it became permanently difficult to obtain a steady lock on the satellite. This was most notable on analogue transmissions where the picture would move from clear to carrying sparklies and back again.

Geostationary Orbit
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Proton | Raduga 27

Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center | Russia
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan
Feb. 28, 1991, 5:30 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Geostationary communications satellite for military and governmental puposes

Geostationary Orbit
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Kosmos-3M | Parus 71

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Feb. 26, 1991, 4:53 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Navigation satellite providing location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system

Low Earth Orbit
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Molniya-M | Molniya-1T 80

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Feb. 15, 1991, 3:19 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Military communications satellite in a highly elliptic orbit

Elliptical Orbit
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Soyuz U | Yantar-1KFT 13

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Russia
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan
Feb. 15, 1991, 9:30 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Film-return reconnaissance satellite

Low Earth Orbit
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Proton | US-KMO 1

Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center | Russia
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan
Feb. 14, 1991, 8:31 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Second generation early warning satellite

Geostationary Orbit
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Kosmos-3M | Strela-1M 353-360

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Feb. 12, 1991, 2:44 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Military communications satellites

Low Earth Orbit
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Soyuz U | Yantar-4K2 57

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Feb. 7, 1991, 6:15 p.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Film-return reconnaissance satellite

Low Earth Orbit
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Kosmos-3M | Tsikada 17

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Feb. 5, 1991, 2:36 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Civilian navigation satellite equivalent to the purely military Parus

Low Earth Orbit
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Kosmos-3M | Informator-1

Russian Space Forces | Russia
Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russian Federation
Jan. 29, 1991, 11:59 a.m.
Status: Launch Successful
Mission:

Informator 1 was a prototype communications satellite for the Koskon (Space Conversion) Global Space Communication System to collect and transmit data from several scientific stations with an additional radio amateur hosted payload. It was launched on 29 January 1991 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome by a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle.

Low Earth Orbit
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